• 13% are to doctors
• 37% of incidents occur inpatient rooms
• 42% occur between use and disposal

Source: Council on Scientific Affairs Report on Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings

• List of Bloodborne Pathogens
• Pathogens which have been transmitted via needlesticks

2. Studies of Percutaneous Injuries

3. Hepatitis Information

• CDC Hepatitis Branch -Hepatitis B Factsheet
  • Concentration of Hepatitis B in Various Body Fluids
• CDC Hepatitis Branch - Hepatitis C Fact Sheet
  • Disease Burden from Viral Hepatitis C in the United States
• CDC Hepatitis Branch - Hepatitis G Factsheet

4. HIV Information

• HIV Transmission, Symptoms, and Cases in the Public
• Facts about Human Immunodefiecency Virus, Type 2

5. Summary: Modes of Transmission for Hepatitis and HIV

6. Hierarchy of Exposure Control Measures

7 . Engineering Control, including:

• Percutaneous Injuries Among Health-Care Workers During Phlebotomy Procedures
• Safety Devices Designed to Prevent Injuries During Blood Drawing & Intravenous Catheter Placement
• Engineering Controls at DCEMS 

8.Administrative Control Measures at DCEMS Stations, including:

• Written Exposure Control Plan
• Hepatitis B Vaccination Series
• Patient Notification of Health Care Worker HIV Status
• HIV and Worker's Compensation
• Reporting of Exposures
• Post-exposure Prophylaxis:
• Medical Care for EMS Personnel and students following an Exposure Incident
• Hepatitis C Exposure Follow-up
• MMWR Report - Recommendations for HIV Exposure Follow-up
• Serological Testing of Exposed Personnel

9. Work Practice Controls,      including:

• Universal Precautions
• Body Fluids requiring the use of Universal Precautions
• Work Practice Controls at DCEMS Stations

10. Housekeeping Controls: Preventing Transmission of Bloodborne Pathogens via Environmental Surfaces

• Disinfection of Surfaces

• Universal Precautions Guidelines for Gloving, Gowning, Masking and other protective Barriers
• Skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, and latex allergy from glove materials
• Verification of adequate Barrier Protection for Bloodborne Pathogens
• Other personal protective equipment
• Hygiene

Documents Contained within the Module

• Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan for Dare County Emergency Medical Services (DCEMS)
  
• Topics which must be covered during Bloodborne Pathogen Training (29 CFR 1910.1030[g])
  
• Post-Exposure Protocol
  
• Biohazard symbol
  
• Updated US Public Health Guidelines for Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HVC, and HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis
  

Outside References

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• 29 CFR 1910.1030 - Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens

• U.S. HIV and AIDS cases reported through end of 1997  Vol. 9, No. 2 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention Atlanta, Georgia 30333.

• Evaluation of Safety Devices for Preventing Percutaneous Injuries Among Health-Care Workers During Phlebotomy Procedures

• Safety Devices Designed to Prevent Injuries During  Blood Drawing and Intravenous Catheter Procedures

• May 15, 1998 MMWR   "Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health Care Worker Exposure to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis"

• October 16, 1998 MMWR "Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-Related Chronic Disease"

• National Hotline Opens for Advice on Occupational HIV Exposure Prophylaxis

• NIOSH Alert: Preventing Allergic Reactions to Natural Rubber Latex in the Workplace, June 1997

• Statement by Secretary of Labor Alexis M. Herman on Preventing Needlestick Injuries May 20, 1999

• Record Summary of the request for information on occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens due to percutaneous injury

• Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis

• Public Health Service Guidelines for the Management of Health-Care Worker Exposures to HIV and Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis

• Exposure Prevention Checklist

• NIOSH ALERT Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings

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